ОбложкаPolymer nanotube nanocomposites: synthesis, properties, and applications / ed. by V.Mittal. - Hoboken: Wiley; Salem: Scrivener, 2010. - xiv, 460 p.: ill. - Incl. bibl. ref. - Ind.: p.449-460. - ISBN 976-0-470-62952-7

Оглавление / Contents
 
Preface ...................................................... xiii
1  Carbon Nanotubes: An Introduction ............................ 1
   V. Mittal
   1.1  Introduction ............................................ 1
   1.2  Properties .............................................. 4
   1.3  Synthesis ............................................... 8
   References .................................................. 12

2  Overview of Polymer Nanotube Nanocomposites ................. 15
   V. Mittal
   2.1  Introduction ........................................... 15
   2.2  Methods of Nanotube Nanocomposites Synthesis ........... 18
        2.2.1  Solution Mixing ................................. 18
        2.2.2  In-Situ Polymerization .......................... 20
        2.2.3  Melt Mixing ..................................... 22
   2.3  Properties of Polymer Nanotube Nanocomposites .......... 25
        2.3.1  Mechanical Properties ........................... 25
        2.3.2  Thermal and Electrical Properties ............... 34
   References .................................................. 42

3  New Microscopy Techniques for a Better Understanding
   of the Polymer/Nanotube Composite Properties ................ 45
   K. Masenelli-Varlot, A. Bogner, C. Gauthier, L. Chazeau
   and J.Y. Cavaillé
   3.1  Introduction ........................................... 46
   3.2  Near Field Microscopy .................................. 47
        3.2.1  Principles of STM and AFM ....................... 48
        3.2.2  Near Field Microscopy for Nanotubes ............. 50
        3.2.3  AFM and CNT Composites .......................... 50
   3.3  Transmission Electron Microscopy ....................... 52
        3.3.1  Principles ...................................... 52
        3.3.2  Characterisation of Carbon Nanotubes ............ 56
        3.3.3  Characterisation of Polymer/Nanotube
               Composites ...................................... 58
   3.4  Scanning Electron Microscopy ........................... 67
        3.4.1  Overview of the Technique (SEI, BEI, CCD ........ 67
        3.4.2  Application to the Study of Nanotubes ........... 68
        3.4.3  For Polymer CNT/Nanocomposites .................. 69
        3.4.4  Development of New Imaging Modes ................ 72
   3.5  Conclusions ............................................ 75
   References .................................................. 77

4  Polymer Nanocomposites with Clay and Carbon Nanotubes ....... 83
   Qiang Fu, Changyu Tang, Hua Deng and Qin Zhang
   4.1  Introduction ........................................... 83
   4.2  Electrical Properties of Polymer Composites with Clay
        and CNTs ............................................... 86
   4.3  Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites with Clay
        and CNTs ............................................... 89
   4.4  Thermal and Flame Properties of Polymer Composites
        with Clay and CNTs .................................... 100
   4.5  Conclusion and Future Outlook ......................... 106
   Acknowledgement ............................................ 108
   References ................................................. 109

5  Polyethylene Nanotube Nanocomposites ....................... 113
   S. Kanagaraj
   5.1  Introduction .......................................... 113
   5.2  Surface Modification of Carbon Nanotubes .............. 115
   5.3  Dispersion of Nanotubes in Polyethylene Matrix ........ 117
   5.4  Method of Preparation of CNT-PE Composites ............ 119
   5.5  Interfacial Bonding and Load Transfer ................. 123
   5.6  Material Characterization ............................. 126
   5.7  Conclusions ........................................... 135
   Acknowledgement ............................................ 136
   References ................................................. 136

6  Properties of Polyurethane/Carbon Nanotube 
   Nanocomposites ............................................. 141
   Tianxi Liu and Shuzhong Guo
   6.1  Introduction .......................................... 141
   6.2  Preparation of CNT-Based Polyurethane
        Nanocomposites ........................................ 144
        6.2.1  Melt-Mixing .................................... 144
        6.2.2  Solution Casting ............................... 145
        6.2.3  In-Situ Polymerization ......................... 146
        6.2.4  Sol-Gel Approach ............................... 147
   6.3  Functionalization, Dispersion Morphology and Micro-/
        Nano-structures ....................................... 148
   6.4  Physical Properties ................................... 151
        6.4.1  Mechanical Properties .......................... 151
        6.4.2  Thermal Conductivity ........................... 154
        6.4.3  Thermal Stability and Degradation .............. 155
        6.4.4  Fire Retardancy ................................ 156
        6.4.5  Rheological Properties ......................... 157
        6.4.6  Electrical Conductivity ........................ 158
        6.4.7  Water Vapor Transport Properties ............... 161
        6.4.8  Shape Memory ................................... 162
        6.4.9  Special Properties Related to Bio-
               Applications ................................... 165
        6.4.10 Microwave Absorption ........................... 166
        6.4.11 UV-Protection .................................. 167
   6.5  Applications .......................................... 168
   6.6  Conclusions ........................................... 170
   Acknowledgements ........................................... 171
   References ................................................. 171

7  Properties of PMMA/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites ......... 177
   R.B. Mathur, Shailaja Pande and B.P. Singh
   7.1  Introduction .......................................... 177
   7.2  Fabrication/Processing of CNT-PMMA Composites ......... 179
        7.2.1  Solution Processing ............................ 181
        7.2.2  Melt-Processing ................................ 183
        7.2.3  In-Situ Polymerization Processing .............. 185
        7.2.4  Coagulation Method ............................. 186
        7.2.5  Surfactant, Compatibilizers and Co-Solvent
               Assisted CNT-PMMA Composites ................... 188
        7.2.6  Chemical Modification of CNTs for Processing
               of Nanocomposites .............................. 189
   7.3  Mechanical Properties of CNT-PMMA Composites .......... 190
   7.4  Electrical Properties of CNT-PMMA Composites .......... 198
        7.4.1  Electrical Conductivity ........................ 198
        7.4.2  Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding ... 200
   7.5  Thermal Properties .................................... 204
   7.6  Conclusion ............................................ 216
   References ................................................. 216

8  Synthesis of Vinyl Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
   Prepared by Suspension Polymerization and Their
   Properties ................................................. 221
   P. Slobodian
   8.1  Introduction .......................................... 221
   8.2  Free Radical Polymerization ........................... 223
   8.3  Suspension and Bulk Polymerization Techniques ......... 225
   8.4  In-situ Radical Polymerization in Presence of CNT ..... 228
        8.4.1  Polymer Matrix ................................. 228
        8.4.2  Addition of Radicals onto CNT .................. 229
        8.4.3  CNT Degradation ................................ 232
        8.4.4  Additional Analyses ............................ 233
   8.5  Polymer/CNT Composite Microspheres .................... 235
        8.5.1 CNT Material Adsorbed onto Polymer
              Microspheres .................................... 239
   8.6  Electrorheology of Polymer/CNT Nanocomposites
        Prepared by in-situ Suspension Polymerization ......... 243
   References ................................................. 246

9  Polylactide-Based Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites ........... 249
   Srikanth Pilla, Shaoqin Gong and Lih-Sheng Turng
   9.1  Introduction .......................................... 249
   9.2  Synthesis of PLA ...................................... 252
   9.3  Carbon Nanotubes ...................................... 254
   9.4  Preparation of PLA-CNT Nanocomposites ................. 255
   9.5  Viscoelastic Properties ............................... 264
   9.6  Thermal Properties .................................... 268
   9.7  Mechanical Properties ................................. 269
   9.8  Thermal Degradation Properties ........................ 272
   9.9  Electrical Conductivity Properties .................... 273
   9.10 Biodegradability ...................................... 274
   9.11 Applications .......................................... 275
   9.12 Conclusions ........................................... 275
   Acknowledgements ........................................... 276
   Note ....................................................... 276
   References ................................................. 276

10 Synthesis and Properties of PEEK/Carbon Nanotube
   Nanocomposites ............................................. 281
   A.M. Díez-Pascual, J.M. González-Domínguez,
   Y. Martínez-Rubi, M. Naffakh, A. Ansón, M.T. Martínez,
   B.  Simard and M.A. Gómez
   10.1 Introduction .......................................... 281
   10.2 Poly(ether ether ketone)s: Structure, Synthesis
        and Properties ........................................ 283
   10.3 Synthesis, Purification and Characterization
        of the SWCNTs ......................................... 285
        10.3.1 Synthesis of Laser-Grown SWCNTs ................ 285
        10.3.2 Synthesis and Purification of Arc-Grown
               SWCNTs ......................................... 285
        10.3.3 Characterization of the Single-Walled Carbon
               Nanotubes ...................................... 287
   10.4 Integration of the Carbon Nanotubes in the PEEK
        Matrix ................................................ 290
        10.4.1 Covalent Grafting in Carbon Nanotube/PEEK
               Nanocomposites ................................. 291
        10.4.2 Wrapping of the SWCNTs in Compatibilizing
               Agents ......................................... 292
        10.4.3 Pre-Mixing Stage and Melt Blending Approach .... 294
   10.5 Characterization of PEEK/Carbon Nanotube
        Nanocomposites ........................................ 295
        10.5.1 Morphology ..................................... 295
        10.5.2 Thermogravimetric Study ........................ 297
        10.5.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry .............. 298
        10.5.4 X-ray Diffraction Analysis ..................... 303
        10.5.5 Mechanical Properties .......................... 304
        10.5.6 Electrical and Thermal Conductivity ............ 307
   10.6 Concluding Remarks .................................... 309
   Acknowledgements ........................................... 310
   Glossary of Abbreviations .................................. 310
   References ................................................. 311

11 Synthesis and Properties of PVA/Carbon Nanotube
   Nanocomposites ............................................. 315
   C. Mercader, P. Poulin and C. Zakri
   11.1 Introduction .......................................... 315
        11.1.1 Mechanical and Electrical Properties of
               Carbon Nanotubes ............................... 316
        11.1.2 Why Use Nanotubes in Nanocomposites? ........... 317
        11.1.3 Poly(vinyl) Alcohol ............................ 319
   11.2 Synthesis Methods and Structural Properties of
        Nanotubes/PVA Composites .............................. 320
        11.2.1 Films .......................................... 320
        11.2.2 Fibers ......................................... 324
   11.3 Mechanical Properties of the Composites ............... 327
        11.3.1 Reinforcement .................................. 328
        11.3.2 Stress Transfer Efficiency ..................... 331
   11.4 Electrical Properties ................................. 333
   11.5 Other Original Properties of PYA/Nanotube
        Composites ............................................ 335
        11.5.1 Energy Absorption .............................. 335
        11.5.2 Shape Memory Effect ............................ 337
   11.6 Conclusion ............................................ 339
   References ................................................. 340

12 Elastomers Filled with Carbon Nanotubes .................... 345
   Liliane Bokobza
   12.1 Introduction .......................................... 345
   12.2 Composite Processing .................................. 347
   12.3 Electrical Properties ................................. 350
   12.4 Mechanical Properties ................................. 355
        12.4.1 Tensile and Swelling Behaviors ................. 355
        12.4.2 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and
               Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) ........ 361
   12.5 Spectroscopic Characterization ........................ 364
   12.6 Thermal Stability ..................................... 367
   12.7 Conclusions ........................................... 369
   References ................................................. 369

13 Specific Interactions Induced Controlled Dispersion
   of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Co-Continuous Polymer
   Blends ..................................................... 373
   Suryasarathi Bose, Arup R. Bhattacharyya, Rupesh A. Khare
   and Ajit R. Kulkarni
   13.1 Introduction .......................................... 373
   13.2 Experimental .......................................... 376
        13.2.1 Materials ...................................... 376
        13.2.2 Preparation of the Modifiers ................... 376
        13.2.3 Melt Blending .................................. 377
        13.2.4 Characterization ............................... 378
   13.3  Results and Discussion ............................... 379
        13.3.1 Specific Interactions: Spectroscopic and
               Microscopic Evidences .......................... 379
        13.3.2 AC Electrical Conductivity Measurements:
               Assessing the State of Dispersion of MWNTs ..... 381
        13.3.3 Phase Morphology and Selective Localization
               of MWNTs in the Blends ......................... 383
        13.3.4 Melt-Interfacial Interactions .................. 386
   13.4 Summary ............................................... 387
   Acknowledgements ........................................... 388
   References ................................................. 388

14 Effect of Structure and Morphology on the Tensile
   Properties of Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites ....... 391
   Jingjing Qiu and Shiren Wang
   14.1 Background ............................................ 391
   14.2 Structure and Morphology Characterization ............. 392
        14.2.1 Structure and Mechanical Properties of CNTs .... 392
        14.2.2 Characterization of CNTs/Polymer Composites .... 395
        14.2.3 Structure and Tensile Properties of CNTs/
               Polymer Composites ............................. 396
   14.3 Concluding Remarks .................................... 417
   References ................................................. 418

15 Polymer Nanotube Composites: Promises and Current
   Challenges ................................................. 423
   Amal M.K. Esawi and Mahmoud M. Farag
   15.1 Carbon Nanotubes ...................................... 424
        15.1.1 Background ..................................... 424
        15.1.2 Synthesis of CNTs .............................. 425
        15.1.3 Fabrication of CNT Polymer Composites .......... 426
        15.1.4 Electrical Properties of CNT Polymer
               Composites ..................................... 429
        15.1.5 Mechanical Properties of CNT Polymer
               Composites ..................................... 432
   15.2 Case Studies .......................................... 435
        15.2.1 Case Study: CNT-Based Strain Sensor ............ 435
        15.2.2 Case Study: Technical and Economic
               Feasibility of Using CNT-Based Composites
               in Aerospace Applications ...................... 440
   15.3 Conclusions ........................................... 445
   References ................................................. 446

Index ......................................................... 449


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